The difference between knowledge and experience.

Knowledge and experience are very close concepts. What are the features of their interpretation in science?

What is the specificity of knowledge?

In science, knowledge is usually understood to mean some information that a person can use for useful purposes - for example, when studying an object or when conducting research.

The main criterion of knowledge is transferability. It can be recorded in some written source or be present in the public consciousness of any social or ethnic group as an oral communicative element. But in both cases, it is possible to transfer it from one carrier to another.

One aspect of the transferability of knowledge is that it can be exchanged between speakers of different languages ​​and cultures (subject to translation if necessary). Knowledge is a universal category of human communications, and its transfer is, as a rule, possible, even if the values ​​and peculiarities of thinking of people transmitting knowledge differ from those that characterize people who receive knowledge.

Once the knowledge acquired by a person can be periodically supplemented and improved. Therefore, it is generally accepted in science that they have no practical boundaries.

Another important criterion of knowledge is its validity. The fact is that in many cases a person's idea of ​​something is expressed in a theoretical aspect and reflects his guesses and assumptions about how certain processes can take place. While in practice, a person often does not have the opportunity to check how these processes can take place in reality. The validity of knowledge is the main factor in its reliability from the point of view of the ability to describe the course of certain processes with high accuracy.

The quality of knowledge, expressed, in particular, in their validity, can most often be objectively (that is, with the participation of a sufficiently large number of people and expressing their opinions).

Thus, knowledge is information that:

  • can be transmitted from one person to another, regardless of what languages ​​they speak (when the possibility of translation - if necessary), as well as from their belonging to any culture;
  • as a rule, it is constantly supplemented and improved;
  • is characterized in many cases by theorization;
  • requires substantiation.

A category close enough to knowledge is experience. Consider what can be understood by it in science.

What is the specificity of experience?

By experience, researchers most often understand, first of all, the totality of human sensations - in relation to any memories or, for example, regarding behavior in any situation. In the first case, the experience may or may not be very positive. In the second, it is large or, conversely, insufficient.

An “experienced” person means that he has had the opportunity to experience certain sensations in the past - on a physical or psychological level, which can later be applied by him in certain situations.

Experience is a subjective category, since it reflects the specifics of the sensations of a particular person. In part, it can be transmitted from one person to another, but completely this is possible in very rare cases - simply because each person has his own sensations.

It is very difficult to transfer experience between people of different cultures, because the specificity of individual cultures often presupposes the formation of unique mechanisms of human perception of the surrounding world. The same in many cases characterizes the exchange of experience between speakers of different languages. If, in principle, modern linguists can translate almost any word from one language to another, then the "translation" of sensations is extremely difficult.

The most important criterion of experience is its high practical efficiency. It is less theorized in comparison with knowledge, tied to the achievement of real results. Reasonable experience, if we draw an analogy with knowledge, is one that allows a person to achieve something useful. If, for example, we talk about sports, the experience that will give the athlete the opportunity to win something will be worthwhile. When it comes to entrepreneurship, a person's experience in making effective decisions in business will be important.

Experiences that can be of real benefit do not usually require justification. Actually, the successful result of its application replaces the corresponding justification.

It should be noted that, like knowledge, experience is constantly being improved, supplemented by new sensations.

Comparison

The main difference between knowledge and experience is that the first category is information, the second - human sensations. In addition, the difference between knowledge and experience can be traced in the aspect:

  • transferability between people;
  • transferability between speakers of different cultures, languages;
  • subjectivity and objectivity;
  • theoretical or practical orientation;
  • ​​
  • the need for justification.

Knowledge and experience are united by the fact that they are constantly supplemented - accordingly, new information and sensations are improved.

Having identified the difference between knowledge and experience, we will reflect the main findings in a small table.

Table

Knowledge Experience
What do they have in common?
The knowledge and experience gained by a person are constantly supplemented, improved
What is the difference between them?
Represents information that a person possessesRepresents a set of sensations that a person receives
Can be transmitted from one person to another almost completelyCan be transmitted from one person to another, as a rule, only partially
Can, as a rule, be easily transmitted between speakers of different languages ​​and culturesIn many cases, it is difficult to transmit between speakers of different languages ​​and cultures
ObjectiveSubjective
Have theoretical DirectionalityHas practical orientation
Require justificationPractically effective experience does not require justification
.