The difference between fixed assets and working capital.

The most important financial indicators of an enterprise include its fixed assets and current assets. What is their specificity?

What are fixed assets?

Under fixed assets of an enterprise, it is customary to understand various technical and infrastructural resources used in production or in the framework of other mechanisms for making a profit (for example, by providing the relevant objects for rent). It is customary to refer to fixed assets as tangible assets - that is, the real resources that the company has at its disposal.

These assets are characterized by a long term of use - from 1 year or more. Their cost, if you follow the rules of the financial legislation of the Russian Federation, should exceed 100 thousand rubles. As fixed assets are naturally depreciated, depreciation is charged on them, as a result of which the cost of the corresponding resources decreases.

Types of fixed assets used by Russian enterprises:

  1. buildings, structures;
  2. roads owned by the company;
  3. communal infrastructure;
  4. machinery, equipment;
  5. computers, digital technology, robots;
  6. tools, inventory;
  7. library funds, antiques, museum values.

Capital investments in the modernization of various types of infrastructure, objects of natural resources are also considered to be fixed assets.

The inclusion of a resource in the fixed assets of a firm is possible if:

  1. the object is supposed to be used within the framework of the company's economic activities;
  2. the object, as we noted above, has a life of more than 12 months and is capable of generating profit for the organization during the period of use;
  3. the object has a cost of more than 100 thousand rubles;
  4. the firm does not intend to resell the object. 33 transport).

    What are current assets?

    It is customary to refer to working capital 2 types of resources:

    1. working capital (raw materials, materials, components, fuel - used in the production of goods);
    2. circulation funds (finished products in a warehouse or on the way to customers, funds on the company's current bank account and at the firm's cash desk).

    It is also customary to include loans taken by an enterprise to working capital.

    The funds in question are invested in current production activities within separate operating cycles. Their value is always passed on to the product. Therefore, the dynamics of the turnover of the resources in question is significantly higher than that of fixed assets. The resources in question are, as a rule, more liquid - even if we talk about raw materials and materials.

    Comparison

    The main difference between fixed assets and circulating assets is their purpose. The former are used as a production infrastructure, while the latter are used as components of production (or as a source of financing for the production of goods). Fixed assets and circulating assets also differ according to the dynamics of turnover and liquidity.

    Having determined what is the difference between fixed and circulating assets, we will reflect the conclusions in the table.

    Table

    56]
    Fixed assets Working capital
    Characterized by low turnover dynamicsCharacterized by high turnover dynamics
    As a rule, they are less liquidThey usually have higher liquidity
    .