Of all the genres of school writing: storytelling, description, reasoning, the last is the most difficult. Firstly, because it requires from the writer not only the ability to competently express their thoughts, but also the presence of their own position, the ability to substantiate it. Secondly, because it assumes knowledge of the factual material used as arguments. The question of how to write an essay-reasoning is one of the key in preparing for the exam.
The structure of the essay-reasoning
The structure of the essay-reasoning is as follows:
- An introduction containing a thesis is a statement that requires proof.
- Arguments: at least 2-3 proofs of the thoughts stated in the thesis.
- Conclusion, which finally confirms the thesis.
The volume of the essay is calculated by the formula:
Introduction Conclusion = 1/3 of the volume of the essay
In other words, if the essay is three pages long, then the total volume of the introduction and conclusion should not exceed one page.
Each part of the essay-reasoning must begin with a red line.
How to write an introduction
The introduction of an essay-reasoning should lead the reader to the disclosure of a topic, which, as a rule, is formulated in the form of a question or contains a quotation. For example:
- Katerina Kabanova - "a ray of light" or a victim of the "dark kingdom"?
- Modern Raskolnikovs - who are they?
- The problem of finding happiness in Nekrasov's poem "Who lives well in Russia."
All these topics presuppose the reader's reflections on the work of classical Russian literature, therefore, in the introduction it is important to show what caused the interest in this particular topic, its polemical nature, which presupposes the presence of several points of view. The main thesis is formulated, which will be revealed in the essay.
An example of an introduction to the topic “Modern Raskolnikovs - who are they?”:
“F. M. Dostoevsky finished his novel "Crime and Punishment" in 1866, but to this day it is read all over the world. What is the reason for the popularity of the work? Dostoevsky's deep psychologism, his talent for filigree portraying the darkest corners of the human soul? Or the brilliantly shown work of the investigator Porfiry Petrovich? Or a growing interest in Russian culture?
First of all, readers are interested in the main character of the work - the author of the theory of "strong personality" Rodion Raskolnikov. It seems to me that this character cannot leave anyone indifferent, because the criminal theory he invented, dividing the world into the powerless and those who are allowed everything, continues to exist in the minds of modern schismatics. Only if in the image of Raskolnikov Dostoevsky reveals a moral and psychological problem (the hero is broken spiritually and physically), then modern Raskolnikovs are quite safe, but for a number of reasons they consider themselves entitled to judge and condemn entire nations to death. "
Argumentation
So, the introduction is written, the thesis is indicated, but how to write an essay-reasoning without arguments? After all, it is in them that your point of view is confirmed, the problematic of the topic deepens.
What arguments can be given in this topic?
Arguments | Examples |
Evil often exists under the guise of good intentions |
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Money obtained by blood cannot bring happiness |
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XX and XXI centuries showed how dangerous theories are, dividing people into "trembling creatures" and "those who have the right" |
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Inhuman theory destroys the soul of the person who created it |
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From the sin of murder, from crime and self-destruction, a person can be saved only by sincere faith and love |
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The arguments should be clearly connected with each other: Raskolnikov in the novel is modern schismatics.
If there are words in the text that you are not sure of spelling, it is better to replace them with synonyms.
In an essay-reasoning, as a rule, many introductory words and expressions are used. They must be separated by commas.
Repetitions are an unpleasant defect in the composition. They are especially noticeable when you read the text out loud. Check yourself if the essay was asked to you at home. In other cases, you will have to rely on attentiveness.
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