Difference between adjective and participle.

Adjectives and participles answer general questions and perform the same syntactic function in a sentence: they are definitions that name the sign of a subject or object. Nevertheless, these are different linguistic units, differing in semantic meaning and some morphological features.

Adjective is an independent part of speech, denoting a feature of an object and in the initial form answering questionswhich one? which? which? which?

distant (what?) Horizon

semolina (what?) Porridge

lattice (what?) Window

kind (what?) People

In the Russian language, there are three categories of adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Qualitative adjectives denote a sign of quality expressed to a greater or lesser extent. They can have a comparative and superlative degree:

white smoke hair whiter whiter snow

large catch scale large largest discovery

Relative adjectives designate a feature in form, place, time or in relation to any object:

square, urban, future, leather, glass.

Possessive adjectives indicate that the object belongs to someone and answer the questionwhose?

wolf (whose?) Fur

cuckoo's (whose?) Nest

grandmother's (whose?) Umbrella

The participle, unlike the adjective, is not an independent part of speech. This is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action:

curly hair (hair that curls);

passed stage (stage passed);

closed door (door that was closed);

an unexplored topic (a topic that has not been investigated).

The participles combine the morphological features of a verb and an adjective. As a verb, they are used in the present or past tense:

reading (present)

who read (past. Tense)

The participles can be of a perfect or imperfect form:

merciful - merciful(imperfect. View);

spare - spared(perfect view);

have a sign of recurrence:

cleaning - cleaning;

harboring - harboring.

Common participles and adjectives - change in gender, number and case:

thickened clouds - thick fog (masculine, singular h., Im.pad.);

the book read is an interesting book (feminine singular, Im. Pad.);

interested tourists - curious tourists (plural, Rod. Pad.)

Adjectives differ from participles in the way they are formed. They are formed from nouns in a suffix or prefix-suffix way:

osen - autumnnnd, surface - surfacenth; view -outsideviewsoh.

The participles are formed from the verb stem using the suffixes -usch- (-usch-), -asch-(-sch-), -vsh-, -sh-, - em-, _im-, -om-, -nn-, -enn-, -t-:

draw - attractedgnnd; lead - vedom;

to spare - mercyyaschnd; test - testnnpassed;

be - wouldvshnd; purchase - purchasedenn;

respect - respecthedignified; save - saveennth;

store - storednamed; cover - rooftth.

In a sentence, a participle can have dependent words and act as a structural nucleus in a participle turnover:

A brightly flared fireilluminated a corner of the room,which looked like a bear's den.

The adjective in syntactic constructions does not have dependent words, does not form turns and is always consistent with the word to which it refers:

Ripeberries on thisfrostydaygrandmother'stable surprised many.

Conclusions TheDifference.ru

  1. The adjective is an independent part of speech. The participle is a special form of the verb.
  2. Adjectives have categories by meaning and are divided into qualitative, relative and possessive. The participles do not have this characteristic.
  3. The participle has the morphological features of an adjective and a verb. An adjective cannot have verb features.
  4. Adjectives are derived from nouns. Participles - from the stem of the verb.
  5. Adjectives, unlike participles, cannot have dependent words in a sentence.
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