A noun and an adjective are independent parts of speech, however, a connection is always established between them in a sentence, in which the noun acts as a dominant, and the adjective as a dependent word. This connection can be determined by the semantic content of the concepts "noun" and "adjective".
Nounis a part of speech that names an object, phenomenon or state and answers the questionswho?orwhat?
Who? | What? |
old man child driver animal | tree earthquake chills research |
When askedwho?nouns denoting animate objects answer; to questionwhat?- nouns calling objects of inanimate nature or abstract concepts.
Each object or phenomenon has certain features that concretize its meaning. The apple can be round, sweet, red, ripe or oblong, sour, green; wind - strong, moderate, southern; flood - unexpected, catastrophic or just severe. Words that call the attribute of an object are adjectives. They answer the questionswhich one? which? which?depending on the gender of the noun, which includes:
sage (what?)gray-haired;
horse (which one?)restive;
the lake (which one?)picturesque.
In Russian, the category of the gender of nouns is defined relatively conditionally. It can be considered a morphological feature, by which I classify the type of declension. The I declension includes feminine and masculine nouns with the ending –а (-я); to the II declension - masculine nouns with a zero ending and neuter nouns with the endings -е, -о; to the III declension - feminine and masculine nouns ending in a hissing consonant or soft sign.
I declination | II declination | III declination |
earthhutuncle | slopeintersectionwindow | helpmothercomrade |
Depending on the type of declension, the case endings of nouns change:
I declension | II declension | III declension | |
I. R. D. V. T. P. | land landand lande land landher (o) landf | slope slopea slopey slope_ slopeohm (o) slopee | help helpand helpand help_ helpy (o) helpand |
Adjectives also change in cases, but do not have the type of declension. The change in their case endings depends on the gender or number of the noun to which the specific adjective belongs:
Which one? | Which one? | Which one? | What? | |
I. R. D. V. T. P. | greenthsheet greenthsheet greenthsheet greenthsheet greenthsheet (o) greenohmsheet | greenthgrass greenohgrass greenohgrass greenthgrass greenthgrass (о) greenthgrass | greenthglass greenthglass greenglass greenglassglass[19 2] green glass (o) greenohmglass | green meadows green meadows greengreenmeadows green meadows green meadows (o) greenthmeadows |
Adjectives, unlike nouns, do not have the category of animate / inanimate, but have another morphological feature that is absent in nouns. On this basis, they are divided into qualitative, relative and possessive.
Qualitative adjectives denote a feature of an object that can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent. Allocate positive, comparative and superlative degrees of comparison of adjectives.
Positive | Comparative | Excellent |
kind soft cold | kinder softer colder | kindest softest most cold |
Qualitative adjectives can be short:
red - red
young - young
sharp - sharp
Relative adjectives indicate a sign of an object that cannot be expressed in a greater or at least:woodfloor;descriptivecharacter;constantcontrol.
Possessive adjectives indicate that the object belongs to someone:foxfootprint;grandfather'sadvice;father's office.
Nouns in a sentence act as a subject or object. Adjectives perform the syntactic function of a definition, which can be connected with a subject or a complement by a concordance, control or adjacency relationship.
Conclusions TheDifference.ru
- A noun names an object, phenomenon or state. The adjective names their feature.
- The noun answers the questionswho? what? The connection of nouns with adjectives is determined by the questionswhat?which one?what is?
- The case endings of nouns change according to the I, II and III types of declension. The declension of adjectives depends on the gender of the nouns to which they belong.
- An adjective, unlike a noun, does not have the category of animate / inanimate.
- The categories of qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives are distinguished in the Russian language. Nouns do not have such categories.
- The syntactic role of a noun is a subject or an object. An adjective in a sentence is most often a definition.